101. Which of the following techniques is used to improve the CPU's efficiency by overlapping I/O and computation?
a) Spooling
b) Caching
c) Paging
d) Scheduling
Answer: a
102. The command kill -9 in Linux is used to:
a) Suspend a process
b) Terminate a process forcefully
c) Restart a process
d) Debug a process
Answer: b
103. Which type of kernel performs most of its operations in user mode?
a) Monolithic kernel
b) Microkernel
c) Hybrid kernel
d) Exokernel
Answer: b
104. Which of the following scheduling algorithms can lead to starvation?
a) Round Robin
b) Priority Scheduling
c) First Come First Serve
d) Shortest Job Next
Answer: b
105. In operating systems, thrashing occurs when:
a) Processes are spending more time paging than executing
b) Processes use too many CPU cycles
c) There is a deadlock between processes
d) Too many interrupts occur
Answer: a
106. Which type of fragmentation occurs in paging systems?
a) Internal fragmentation
b) External fragmentation
c) Both internal and external
d) No fragmentation
Answer: a
107. In Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is denoted by:
a) /root
b) /
c) ~
d) C:\
Answer: b
108. A bootstrap loader is responsible for:
a) Managing system files
b) Loading the operating system into memory
c) Running user applications
d) Handling interrupts
Answer: b
109. What is the main disadvantage of a monolithic kernel?
a) Poor performance
b) Difficult to implement and maintain
c) Limited support for hardware devices
d) High overhead for system calls
Answer: b
110. In which of the following does the system execute multiple processes in an interleaved manner on a single processor?
a) Multiprocessing
b) Multithreading
c) Multitasking
d) Distributed computing
Answer: c
111. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a distributed operating system?
a) Shared memory
b) Distributed file system
c) Network transparency
d) Resource sharing
Answer: a
112. Which RAID level provides fault tolerance by mirroring data?
a) RAID 0
b) RAID 1
c) RAID 5
d) RAID 10
Answer: b
113. In memory management, what does the term "swapping" refer to?
a) Switching between processes in the CPU
b) Moving processes between memory and secondary storage
c) Replacing memory pages
d) Managing memory fragmentation
Answer: b
114. Which command in Linux is used to display the current working directory?
a) pwd
b) ls
c) cd
d) whoami
Answer: a
115. Which of the following is a valid page replacement algorithm?
a) SSTF
b) SCAN
c) Optimal
d) Look
Answer: c
116. Which file system is typically used for USB drives and supports cross-platform compatibility?
a) NTFS
b) FAT32
c) ext4
d) HFS+
Answer: b
117. Which of these is NOT a common method for inter-process communication (IPC)?
a) Shared memory
b) Message passing
c) Mutex
d) Cache memory
Answer: d
118. Which type of scheduling algorithm assigns the shortest estimated execution time to the process in the queue?
a) Round Robin
b) Shortest Remaining Time First
c) Priority Scheduling
d) First Come First Serve
Answer: b
119. Which system call in Unix is used to create a new process?
a) exec
b) fork
c) kill
d) wait
Answer: b
120. In Linux, the top command is used to:
a) List all files in a directory
b) Display active processes and their resource usage
c) Change file ownership
d) Terminate processes
Answer: b
121. What is the primary purpose of the fsck command in Linux?
a) To check and repair file system errors
b) To create new partitions
c) To list mounted file systems
d) To manage system logs
Answer: a
122. In time-sharing systems, which metric is most important for user satisfaction?
a) Turnaround time
b) Throughput
c) Response time
d) CPU utilization
Answer: c
123. In a demand-paging system, a page fault occurs when:
a) A page is not found in main memory
b) There is insufficient disk space
c) The process terminates unexpectedly
d) Two processes access the same page
Answer: a
124. Which of the following scheduling algorithms is preemptive?
a) First Come First Serve
b) Shortest Job Next
c) Round Robin
d) Priority Scheduling (Non-preemptive)
Answer: c
125. The critical section problem is solved by ensuring which of the following?
a) Paging
b) Mutual exclusion
c) Deadlock
d) Virtual memory
Answer: b
