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Course Contents

1. Computer Fundamentals

1.1. Introduction to computer, Characteristics and Applications

1.2. Classification of computer on the basis of size, purpose, model

1.3. Computer Hardware and Software

1.4. CPU: ALU, Registers, CU

1.5. Input/Output devices

1.6. Memory and Storage devices, Different types of memory and storage devices

1.7. Operating system its importance and application programs

1.8. Computer virus and remedies

1.9. Internet and its applications

1.10. Fonts, Devanagari (Nepali) Fonts, Unicode and Nepali Unicode Fonts

2. Application Packages

2.1. Word Processor: Importance and uses of word processor, Basic terms,

Creating document, Formatting text and paragraphs, Managing lists and tables, Inserting graphic objects, Page layout, Mail merge, Levels and table of contents

2.2. Spreadsheet: Concept of Cell, Row and Column, Entering data, Cell referencing, Formatting a worksheet, Managing workbook, Using formulas and functions, Data filtering and sorting, Pivot table and pivot chart, Page layout, Printing worksheets

2.3. Presentation: Importance of Presentation, Creating presentation slides, Design and formatting presentation, Slide transitions, Animation and custom animation, Inserting graphics, tables and charts, Using multimedia

2.4. Using Devanagari (Nepali) fonts and Nepali Unicode in documents,

worksheets and slides

3. Programming Language

3.1. Programming language fundamentals, types of programming language, Types of Error (Syntax, Semantic, Runtime Error), Program Design Tools (Algorithm, Flowchart)

3.2. Programming with C, Overview and Features of C

3.3. Data types and Variables, C Tokens (Keywords, Identifier, Constants, Operators), Header files, Library function

3.4. Statements and Operators

3.5. Preprocessor Directives

3.6. Input/Output, Control statements, Loops

3.7. Procedure/Functions

3.8. Array and String

3.9. Pointer

3.10. Structure and Union

3.11. Files

3.12. Procedure Oriented and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

3.13. Object Oriented Programming and Features

3.14. OOP principles, Advantages and Disadvantages of OOP

3.15. Objects and Classes

3.16. Operator and Function Overloading

3.17. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Template

3.18. Exception Handling

4. Web Technology

4.1. Internet & Web: Uses of Internet and Web Services, WWW and its

components, Internet protocols and applications

4.2. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), HTML Tags and Attributes, Character formatting, Font and attributes, Inserting images and objects, Table

4.3. HTML Editors and Tools: HTML editors and converters, Graphical and animation tools

4.4. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS): Introduction CSS and advantages of using CSS, Basic Syntax, Types of Style Sheets, Different Styles and their Attributes

4.5. Server Side and Client-Side Scripting

4.6. JavaScript, Using JavaScript code to HTML page, Variables in JavaScript, JavaScript Data Type-Variant subtypes, JavaScript Functions, Event Handling and JavaScript objects, Document Object Model in JavaScript

4.7. XML

4.8. Concept of MySQL and PHP

4.9. Web server and its architecture

5. Software Engineering

5.1. Software and Program, Software components, Characteristics and Types of software

5.2. SDLC Models: Waterfall, Prototyping, Iterative, Spiral, Rapid Application

Development (RAD) Models, Selection criteria of a lifecycle model

5.3. Software Project Management, Software project planning, Project management plan and scheduling, Project team management and organization, Project estimation, Risk analysis and management

5.4. Software Requirement Analysis & Specification, Requirement engineering, Requirement analysis and Documentation

5.5. Software Design, Design framework, Design models, Design process, Architecture design, Design strategies, Object oriented design

5.6. Software Metrics, Token count, Data structure metrics, Information flow metrics, Metrics analysis

5.7. Software reliability and Reliability model, Software quality, Software quality attributes, Quality control and assurance, Software Verification and

Validation, Software Testing and Debugging

5.8. Software maintenance and types, Software maintenance process model and

cost

6. DBMS

6.1. Database, its characteristics and applications, Data abstraction and Independence, Schemas Instances, Classification of DBMS, DDL and DML

6.2. Data Models: Entity Relationship Model, Entities type and set, Attributes and keys, Relationship types and sets, E-R diagrams

6.3. Normalization and its importance, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF

6.4. Relational Language: SQL and its features, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE queries, Join and Views

6.5. Query processing, Query cost estimation, Query operations, Evaluation of expressions, Query optimization

7. Microprocessors and Computer Architecture

7.1. Microprocessor and Bus Organization

7.2. Intel 8085 microprocessor architecture

7.3. Instruction cycle and timing diagram of 8085

7.4. Instruction set of 8085 and programming with 8085

7.5. Computer Organization and Computer Architecture

7.6. Stored program concept and Von Neumann model, Instruction Cycle and Machine Cycle

7.7. Data Representation and Manipulation, Fixed point and Floating Point

Representation, Addition and Subtraction of signed Data, Multiplication of Signed Data

7.8. Control Unit, Hardwired and Microprogrammed Control Unit

7.9. Control Word, Microprogram, Control Memory, Control Address Register, Address Sequencing

7.10. Input-Output Interface: I/O Bus and Interface Modules, I/O vs. Memory Bus,

Isolated vs. Memory-Mapped I/O, Modes of data transfer: Programmed I/O,

Interrupt-Initiated I/O and Direct memory Access

7.11. Harvard architecture, CISC architecture & RISC architecture

8. Computer Networks

8.1. Network Architecture, Network topologies, Network types, Client server and peer-to-peer model, Layered network architecture, protocols, interfaces, services, OSI reference model, TCP/IP model

8.2. Network workstation and server: Hardware and software requirements

8.3. Network devices: Repeater, Hub, NIC, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateway

8.4. Physical Layer, Channel bandwidth and throughput, Propagation time, Transmission time, Transmission media (Guided and Unguided), Switching and Multiplexing

8.5. Data link Layer and its functions, Framing, Flow Control, Error Control,

Media Access Control, MAC Address, LAN Standard and Architecture, Multiple access protocols (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA)

8.6. Network Layer and its functions, Internetworking, Circuit switching and packet switching, Addressing at network layer, IP address, Different classes of IP address, Private and Public address, Subnet mask and subnetting, Classless addressing, Network Address Translation (NAT), Routing and its necessity, Static and Dynamic routing, Interior and Exterior routing, Network layer protocols, IPV6 and its necessity

8.7. Transport Layer and its services, Flow control, Quality of service, Addressing, Segmentation and reassembly, Connection oriented and connectionless services, Protocols: TCP, UDP

8.8. Application Layer and its functions, Electronic mail, File transfer, Web, DHCP, DNS

8.9. Network Security, Active and Passive attacks, Symmetric Key and public key cryptography, Digital signature, Firewalls, Virtual private network

9. Operating System

9.1. Operating system its types and functions, Operating System Services, Operating system examples (Unix, Linux, Windows, Android)

9.2. Process Management, Process vs Program, Process States, Process vs Thread,

Thread Models, Multithreading, Process Scheduling criteria and algorithms, Critical Section, Race Condition, Mutual Exclusion

9.3. Memory Management, Multiprogramming, Memory Management functions,

Multiprogramming with fixed partition and with variable partition, Memory Allocation, Paging and Page fault

9.4. Deadlock, Deadlock Conditions, Deadlock Handling Strategies (Prevention, Detection, Avoidance, Recovery), Banker’s Algorithm

9.5. File and Input/output Management, File Naming, Structure, Types, Access,

Attributes, Operations, Directory Systems, File System Layout, Implementing

Files, I/O Hardware and Software, Disk Formatting, Disk Arm Scheduling, Error Handling

10. Computer Hardware Configuration Maintenance and Troubleshooting

10.1. Importance of Computer Repair and Maintenance, Hardware maintenance, Software Based maintenance

10.2. Basic configuration of the operating system

10.3. System Case, Style and size, Form Factors, Switches, LEDs, Drive bays, Power Supply Ratings, SMPS

10.4. Motherboard and System Devices, Form factor, Chipset and controllers, Buses, BIOS and its setting

10.5. UPS and its importance, UPS system Maintenance

10.6. Installation and configuration of peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, speaker, printer (local printer as well as network printer)

10.7. Installation and configuration of expansion cards such as graphics card, network interface card, sound card etc.

10.8. Storage devices, HDD, CD, DVD, SSD, External HDDs & SSDs and their installation

10.9. Troubleshooting of computer and its peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, speaker, printer etc.

10.10. Troubleshooting of operating system and application programs

10.11. System Care, Preventive Maintenance, Backup and Disaster Recovery

11. Emerging Technologies

11.1. Multimedia System

11.2. E-governance

11.3. E-commerce

11.4. MIS

11.5. IoT

11.6. AI

12. IT Policy and TU Rules & Regulations

12.1. Electronic Transaction Act, 2063 B.S.

12.2. Basic concept of Public Procurement Act, Public Procurement Rule, Procurement Process, PPMO, E-bidding

12.3. TU its Strengths and Challenges

12.4. TU Executive Council, Formation, Roles and Responsibilities

12.5. TU Service Commission, Formation, Roles and Responsibilities

12.6. TU Rules & Regulations, Teacher/Staff Services: Roles and Responsibilities of a TU staff, Leave & other facilities for a TU staff